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China Capital: Beijing Population: 1,313,973,713 The Geography of China Total Size: 9,596,960 square km Size Comparison: slightly smaller than the US Geographical Coordinates: 35 00 N, 105 00 E World Region: Asia General Terrain: mostly mountains, high plateaus, deserts in west; plains, deltas, and hills in east Geographical Low Point: Turpan Pendi -154 m Geographical High Point: Mount Everest 8,850 m Climate: extremely diverse; tropical in south to subarctic in north The People of China Type of Government: Communist state Languages Spoken: Standard Chinese or Mandarin (Putonghua, based on the Beijing dialect), Yue (Cantonese), Wu (Shanghaiese), Minbei (Fuzhou), Minnan (Hokkien-Taiwanese), Xiang, Gan, Hakka dialects, minority languages (see Ethnic groups entry) Independence: 221 BC (unification under the Qin or Ch'in Dynasty); 1 January 1912 (Manchu Dynasty replaced by a Republic); 1 October 1949 (People's Republic established) National Holiday: Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China, 1 October (1949) Nationality: Chinese (singular and plural) Religions: Daoist (Taoist), Buddhist, Christian 3%-4%, Muslim 1%-2% Economy of China Major Industries: mining and ore processing, iron, steel, aluminum, and other metals, coal; machine building; armaments; textiles and apparel; petroleum; cement; chemicals; fertilizers; consumer products, including footwear, toys, and electronics; food processing; transportation equipment, including automobiles, rail cars and locomotives, ships, and aircraft; telecommunications equipment, commercial space launch vehicles, satellites Agricultural Products: rice, wheat, potatoes, corn, peanuts, tea, millet, barley, apples, cotton, oilseed; pork; fish Natural Resources: coal, iron ore, petroleum, natural gas, mercury, tin, tungsten, antimony, manganese, molybdenum, vanadium, magnetite, aluminum, lead, zinc, uranium, hydropower potential (world's largest) Major Exports: machinery and equipment, plastics, optical and medical equipment, iron and steel Major Imports: machinery and equipment, oil and mineral fuels, plastics, optical and medical equipment, organic chemicals, iron and steel Currency: yuan (CNY); note - also referred to as the Renminbi (RMB) National GDP: $8,859,000,000,000 Total Export Revenue: $752,200,000,000 Brief History of China: For centuries China stood as a leading civilization, outpacing the rest of the world in the arts and sciences, but in the 19th and early 20th centuries, the country was beset by civil unrest, major famines, military defeats, and foreign occupation. After World War II, the Communists under MAO Zedong established an autocratic socialist system that, while ensuring China's sovereignty, imposed strict controls over everyday life and cost the lives of tens of millions of people. After 1978, his successor DENG Xiaoping and other leaders focused on market-oriented economic development and by 2000 output had quadrupled. For much of the population, living standards have improved dramatically and the room for personal choice has expanded, yet political controls remain tight. Back to Geography Home Page

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