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Mongolia

Country Flag

Capital: Ulaanbaatar

Population: 2,832,224

Country Map


The Geography of Mongolia

Total Size: 1,564,116 square km

Size Comparison: slightly smaller than Alaska

Geographical Coordinates: 46 00 N, 105 00 E

World Region: Asia

General Terrain: vast semidesert and desert plains, grassy steppe, mountains in west and southwest; Gobi Desert in south-central

Geographical Low Point: Hoh Nuur 518 m

Geographical High Point: Nayramadlin Orgil (Huyten Orgil) 4,374 m

Climate: desert; continental (large daily and seasonal temperature ranges)

The People of Mongolia

Type of Government: mixed parliamentary/presidential

Languages Spoken: Khalkha Mongol 90%, Turkic, Russian (1999)

Independence: 11 July 1921 (from China)

National Holiday: Independence Day/Revolution Day, 11 July (1921)

Nationality: Mongolian(s)

Religions: Buddhist Lamaist 50%, none 40%, Shamanist and Christian 6%, Muslim 4% (2004)

Economy of Mongolia

Major Industries: construction and construction materials; mining (coal, copper, molybdenum, fluorspar, tin, tungsten, and gold); oil; food and beverages; processing of animal products, cashmere and natural fiber manufacturing

Agricultural Products: wheat, barley, vegetables, forage crops; sheep, goats, cattle, camels, horses

Natural Resources: oil, coal, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, phosphates, tin, nickel, zinc, fluorspar, gold, silver, iron

Major Exports: copper, apparel, livestock, animal products, cashmere, wool, hides, fluorspar, other nonferrous metals

Major Imports: machinery and equipment, fuel, cars, food products, industrial consumer goods, chemicals, building materials, sugar, tea

Currency: togrog/tugrik (MNT)

National GDP: $5,242,000,000

Total Export Revenue: $852,000,000

Brief History of Mongolia:

The Mongols gained fame in the 13th century when under Chinggis KHAN they conquered a huge Eurasian empire. After his death the empire was divided into several powerful Mongol states, but these broke apart in the 14th century. The Mongols eventually retired to their original steppe homelands and later came under Chinese rule. Mongolia won its independence in 1921 with Soviet backing. A Communist regime was installed in 1924. The ex-Communist Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP) won elections in 1990 and 1992, but was defeated by the Democratic Union Coalition (DUC) in the 1996 parliamentary election. Since then, parliamentary elections returned the MPRP overwhelmingly to power in 2000 and produced a coalition government in 2004.


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