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Taiwan Capital: Taipei Population: 23,036,087 The Geography of Taiwan Total Size: 35,980 square km Size Comparison: slightly smaller than Maryland and Delaware combined Geographical Coordinates: 23 30 N, 121 00 E World Region: Southeast Asia General Terrain: eastern two-thirds mostly rugged mountains; flat to gently rolling plains in west Geographical Low Point: South China Sea 0 m Geographical High Point: Yu Shan 3,952 m Climate: tropical; marine; rainy season during southwest monsoon (June to August); cloudiness is persistent and extensive all year The People of Taiwan Type of Government: multiparty democracy Languages Spoken: Mandarin Chinese (official), Taiwanese (Min), Hakka dialects Independence: 17 April 1946 (from League of Nations mandate under French administration) National Holiday: Republic Day (Anniversary of the Chinese Revolution), 10 October (1911) Nationality: Taiwan (singular and plural) Religions: mixture of Buddhist, Confucian, and Taoist 93%, Christian 4.5%, other 2.5% Economy of Taiwan Major Industries: electronics, petroleum refining, armaments, chemicals, textiles, iron and steel, machinery, cement, food processing, vehicles, consumer products, pharmaceuticals Agricultural Products: rice, corn, vegetables, fruit, tea; pigs, poultry, beef, milk; fish Natural Resources: small deposits of coal, natural gas, limestone, marble, and asbestos Major Exports: computer products and electrical equipment, metals, textiles, plastics and rubber products, chemicals (2002) Major Imports: machinery and electrical equipment 44.5%, minerals, precision instruments (2002) Currency: new Taiwan dollar (TWD) National GDP: $631,200,000,000 Total Export Revenue: $189,400,000,000 Brief History of Taiwan: In 1895, military defeat forced China to cede Taiwan to Japan. Taiwan reverted to Chinese control after World War II. Following the Communist victory on the mainland in 1949, 2 million Nationalists fled to Taiwan and established a government using the 1946 constitution drawn up for all of China. Over the next five decades, the ruling authorities gradually democratized and incorporated the native population within the governing structure. In 2000, Taiwan underwent its first peaceful transfer of power from the Nationalist to the Democratic Progressive Party. Throughout this period, the island prospered and became one of East Asia's economic Tigers. The dominant political issues continue to be the relationship between Taiwan and China - specifically the question of eventual unification - as well as domestic political and economic reform. Back to Geography Home Page

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