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Netherlands Capital: Amsterdam Population: 16,491,461 The Geography of Netherlands Total Size: 41,526 square km Size Comparison: slightly less than twice the size of New Jersey Geographical Coordinates: 52 30 N, 5 45 E World Region: Europe General Terrain: mostly coastal lowland and reclaimed land (polders); some hills in southeast Geographical Low Point: Zuidplaspolder -7 m Geographical High Point: Vaalserberg 322 m Climate: temperate; marine; cool summers and mild winters The People of Netherlands Type of Government: constitutional monarchy Languages Spoken: Dutch (official), Frisian (official) Independence: 23 January 1579 (the northern provinces of the Low Countries conclude the Union of Utrecht breaking with Spain; on 26 July 1581 they formally declared their independence with an Act of Abjuration; however, it was not until 30 January 1648 and the Peace of Westphalia that Spain recognized this independence) National Holiday: Queen's Day (Birthday of Queen-Mother JULIANA in 1909 and accession to the throne of her oldest daughter BEATRIX in 1980), 30 April Nationality: Dutchman(men), Dutchwoman(women) Religions: Roman Catholic 31%, Dutch Reformed 13%, Calvinist 7%, Muslim 5.5%, other 2.5%, none 41% (2002) Economy of Netherlands Major Industries: agroindustries, metal and engineering products, electrical machinery and equipment, chemicals, petroleum, construction, microelectronics, fishing Agricultural Products: grains, potatoes, sugar beets, fruits, vegetables; livestock Natural Resources: natural gas, petroleum, peat, limestone, salt, sand and gravel, arable land Major Exports: machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels; foodstuffs Major Imports: machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs, clothing Currency: euro (EUR) National GDP: $499,800,000,000 Total Export Revenue: $365,100,000,000 Brief History of Netherlands: The Dutch United Provinces declared their independence from Spain in 1579; during the 17th century, they became a leading seafaring and commercial power, with settlements and colonies around the world. After a 20-year French occupation, a Kingdom of the Netherlands was formed in 1815. In 1830 Belgium seceded and formed a separate kingdom. The Netherlands remained neutral in World War I, but suffered invasion and occupation by Germany in World War II. A modern, industrialized nation, the Netherlands is also a large exporter of agricultural products. The country was a founding member of NATO and the EEC (now the EU), and participated in the introduction of the euro in 1999. Back to Geography Home Page

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