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Finland Capital: Helsinki Population: 5,231,372 The Geography of Finland Total Size: 338,145 square km Size Comparison: slightly smaller than Montana Geographical Coordinates: 64 00 N, 26 00 E World Region: Europe General Terrain: mostly low, flat to rolling plains interspersed with lakes and low hills Geographical Low Point: Baltic Sea 0 m Geographical High Point: Haltiatunturi 1,328 m Climate: cold temperate; potentially subarctic but comparatively mild because of moderating influence of the North Atlantic Current, Baltic Sea, and more than 60,000 lakes The People of Finland Type of Government: republic Languages Spoken: Finnish 92% (official), Swedish 5.6% (official), other 2.4% (small Sami- and Russian-speaking minorities) (2003) Independence: 6 December 1917 (from Russia) National Holiday: Independence Day, 6 December (1917) Nationality: Finn(s) Religions: Lutheran National Church 84.2%, Greek Orthodox in Finland 1.1%, other Christian 1.1%, other 0.1%, none 13.5% (2003) Economy of Finland Major Industries: metals and metal products, electronics, machinery and scientific instruments, shipbuilding, pulp and paper, foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles, clothing Agricultural Products: barley, wheat, sugar beets, potatoes; dairy cattle; fish Natural Resources: timber, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, nickel, gold, silver, limestone Major Exports: machinery and equipment, chemicals, metals; timber, paper, pulp (1999) Major Imports: foodstuffs, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, transport equipment, iron and steel, machinery, textile yarn and fabrics, grains Currency: euro (EUR) National GDP: $161,500,000,000 Total Export Revenue: $67,880,000,000 Brief History of Finland: Finland was a province and then a grand duchy under Sweden from the 12th to the 19th centuries and an autonomous grand duchy of Russia after 1809. It won its complete independence in 1917. During World War II, it was able to successfully defend its freedom and resist invasions by the Soviet Union - albeit with some loss of territory. In the subsequent half century, the Finns made a remarkable transformation from a farm/forest economy to a diversified modern industrial economy; per capita income is now on par with Western Europe. As a member of the European Union, Finland was the only Nordic state to join the euro system at its initiation in January 1999. Back to Geography Home Page

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