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Ecuador Capital: Quito Population: 13,547,510 The Geography of Ecuador Total Size: 283,560 square km Size Comparison: slightly smaller than Nevada Geographical Coordinates: 2 00 S, 77 30 W World Region: South America General Terrain: coastal plain (costa), inter-Andean central highlands (sierra), and flat to rolling eastern jungle (oriente) Geographical Low Point: Pacific Ocean 0 m Geographical High Point: Chimborazo 6,267 m Climate: tropical along coast, becoming cooler inland at higher elevations; tropical in Amazonian jungle lowlands The People of Ecuador Type of Government: republic Languages Spoken: Spanish (official), Amerindian languages (especially Quechua) Independence: 24 May 1822 (from Spain) National Holiday: Independence Day (independence of Quito), 10 August (1809) Nationality: Ecuadorian(s) Religions: Roman Catholic 95%, other 5% Economy of Ecuador Major Industries: petroleum, food processing, textiles, wood products, chemicals Agricultural Products: bananas, coffee, cocoa, rice, potatoes, manioc (tapioca), plantains, sugarcane; cattle, sheep, pigs, beef, pork, dairy products; balsa wood; fish, shrimp Natural Resources: petroleum, fish, timber, hydropower Major Exports: petroleum, bananas, cut flowers, shrimp Major Imports: vehicles, medicinal products, telecommunications equipment, electricity Currency: US dollar (USD) National GDP: $56,900,000,000 Total Export Revenue: $9,224,000,000 Brief History of Ecuador: What is now Ecuador formed part of the northern Inca Empire until the Spanish conquest in 1533. Quito became a seat of Spanish colonial government in 1563 and part of the Viceroyalty of New Granada in 1717. The territories of the Viceroyalty - New Granada (Colombia), Venezuela, and Quito - gained their independence by 1819 and formed a federation known as Gran Colombia. When Quito withdrew in 1830, the traditional name was changed in favor of the Republic of the Equator. Between 1904 and 1942, Ecuador lost territories in a series of conflicts with its neighbors. A border war with Peru that flared in 1995 was resolved in 1999. Although Ecuador marked 25 years of civilian governance in 2004, the period has been marred by political instability. Seven presidents have governed Ecuador since 1996. Back to Geography Home Page

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