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Tanzania Capital: Dar es Salaam Population: 37,445,392 The Geography of Tanzania Total Size: 945,087 square km Size Comparison: slightly larger than twice the size of California Geographical Coordinates: 6 00 S, 35 00 E World Region: Africa General Terrain: plains along coast; central plateau; highlands in north, south Geographical Low Point: Indian Ocean 0 m Geographical High Point: Kilimanjaro 5,895 m Climate: varies from tropical along coast to temperate in highlands The People of Tanzania Type of Government: republic Languages Spoken: Kiswahili or Swahili (official), Kiunguja (name for Swahili in Zanzibar), English (official, primary language of commerce, administration, and higher education), Arabic (widely spoken in Zanzibar), many local languages Independence: 26 April 1964; Tanganyika became independent 9 December 1961 (from UK-administered UN trusteeship); Zanzibar became independent 19 December 1963 (from UK); Tanganyika united with Zanzibar 26 April 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar; renamed United Republic of Tanzania 29 October 1964 National Holiday: Union Day (Tanganyika and Zanzibar), 26 April (1964) Nationality: Tanzanian(s) Religions: mainland - Christian 30%, Muslim 35%, indigenous beliefs 35%; Zanzibar - more than 99% Muslim Economy of Tanzania Major Industries: agricultural processing (sugar, beer, cigarettes, sisal twine); diamond, gold, and iron mining, salt, soda ash; cement, oil refining, shoes, apparel, wood products, fertilizer Agricultural Products: coffee, sisal, tea, cotton, pyrethrum (insecticide made from chrysanthemums), cashew nuts, tobacco, cloves, corn, wheat, cassava (tapioca), bananas, fruits, vegetables; cattle, sheep, goats Natural Resources: hydropower, tin, phosphates, iron ore, coal, diamonds, gemstones, gold, natural gas, nickel Major Exports: gold, coffee, cashew nuts, manufactures, cotton Major Imports: consumer goods, machinery and transportation equipment, industrial raw materials, crude oil Currency: Tanzanian shilling (TZS) National GDP: $27,070,000,000 Total Export Revenue: $1,581,000,000 Brief History of Tanzania: Shortly after achieving independence from Britain in the early 1960s, Tanganyika and Zanzibar merged to form the nation of Tanzania in 1964. One-party rule came to an end in 1995 with the first democratic elections held in the country since the 1970s. Zanzibar's semi-autonomous status and popular opposition have led to two contentious elections since 1995, which the ruling party won despite international observers' claims of voting irregularities. Back to Geography Home Page

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