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Mozambique Capital: Maputo Population: 19,686,505 The Geography of Mozambique Total Size: 801,590 square km Size Comparison: slightly less than twice the size of California Geographical Coordinates: 18 15 S, 35 00 E World Region: Africa General Terrain: mostly coastal lowlands, uplands in center, high plateaus in northwest, mountains in west Geographical Low Point: Indian Ocean 0 m Geographical High Point: Monte Binga 2,436 m Climate: tropical to subtropical The People of Mozambique Type of Government: republic Languages Spoken: Emakhuwa 26.1%, Xichangana 11.3%, Portuguese 8.8% (official; spoken by 27% of population as a second language), Elomwe 7.6%, Cisena 6.8%, Echuwabo 5.8%, other Mozambican languages 32%, other foreign languages 0.3%, unspecified 1.3% (1997 census) Independence: 25 June 1975 (from Portugal) National Holiday: Independence Day, 25 June (1975) Nationality: Mozambican(s) Religions: Catholic 23.8%, Muslim 17.8%, Zionist Christian 17.5%, other 17.8%, none 23.1% (1997 census) Economy of Mozambique Major Industries: food, beverages, chemicals (fertilizer, soap, paints), aluminum, petroleum products, textiles, cement, glass, asbestos, tobacco Agricultural Products: cotton, cashew nuts, sugarcane, tea, cassava (tapioca), corn, coconuts, sisal, citrus and tropical fruits, potatoes, sunflowers; beef, poultry Natural Resources: coal, titanium, natural gas, hydropower, tantalum, graphite Major Exports: aluminum, prawns, cashews, cotton, sugar, citrus, timber; bulk electricity Major Imports: machinery and equipment, vehicles, fuel, chemicals, metal products, foodstuffs, textiles Currency: metical (MZM) National GDP: $26,030,000,000 Total Export Revenue: $1,690,000,000 Brief History of Mozambique: Almost five centuries as a Portuguese colony came to a close with independence in 1975. Large-scale emigration by whites, economic dependence on South Africa, a severe drought, and a prolonged civil war hindered the country's development. The ruling Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (FRELIMO) party formally abandoned Marxism in 1989, and a new constitution the following year provided for multiparty elections and a free market economy. A UN-negotiated peace agreement between FRELIMO and rebel Mozambique National Resistance (RENAMO) forces ended the fighting in 1992. In December 2004, Mozambique underwent a delicate transition as Joaquim CHISSANO stepped down after 18 years in office. His newly elected successor, Armando Emilio GUEBUZA, has promised to continue the sound economic policies that have encouraged foreign investment. Back to Geography Home Page

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