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Ethiopia Capital: Addis Ababa Population: 74,777,981 The Geography of Ethiopia Total Size: 1,127,127 square km Size Comparison: slightly less than twice the size of Texas Geographical Coordinates: 8 00 N, 38 00 E World Region: Africa General Terrain: high plateau with central mountain range divided by Great Rift Valley Geographical Low Point: Denakil Depression -125 m Geographical High Point: Ras Dejen 4,620 m Climate: tropical monsoon with wide topographic-induced variation The People of Ethiopia Type of Government: federal republic Languages Spoken: Amharic, Tigrinya, Oromigna, Guaragigna, Somali, Arabic, other local languages, English (major foreign language taught in schools) Independence: oldest independent country in Africa and one of the oldest in the world - at least 2,000 years National Holiday: National Day (defeat of MENGISTU regime), 28 May (1991) Nationality: Ethiopian(s) Religions: Muslim 45%-50%, Ethiopian Orthodox 35%-40%, animist 12%, other 3%-8% Economy of Ethiopia Major Industries: food processing, beverages, textiles, leather, chemicals, metals processing, cement Agricultural Products: cereals, pulses, coffee, oilseed, cotton, sugarcane, potatoes, qat, cut flowers; hides, cattle, sheep, goats; fish Natural Resources: small reserves of gold, platinum, copper, potash, natural gas, hydropower Major Exports: coffee, qat, gold, leather products, live animals, oilseeds Major Imports: food and live animals, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, machinery, motor vehicles, cereals, textiles Currency: birr (ETB) National GDP: $62,880,000,000 Total Export Revenue: $612,000,000 Brief History of Ethiopia: Unique among African countries, the ancient Ethiopian monarchy maintained its freedom from colonial rule with the exception of the 1936-41 Italian occupation during World War II. In 1974, a military junta, the Derg, deposed Emperor Haile SELASSIE (who had ruled since 1930) and established a socialist state. Torn by bloody coups, uprisings, wide-scale drought, and massive refugee problems, the regime was finally toppled in 1991 by a coalition of rebel forces, the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF). A constitution was adopted in 1994, and Ethiopia's first multiparty elections were held in 1995. A border war with Eritrea late in the 1990's ended with a peace treaty in December 2000. Final demarcation of the boundary is currently on hold due to Ethiopian objections to an international commission's finding requiring it to surrender territory considered sensitive to Ethiopia. Back to Geography Home Page

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