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Uzbekistan Capital: Tashkent (Toshkent) Population: 27,307,134 The Geography of Uzbekistan Total Size: 447,400 square km Size Comparison: slightly larger than California Geographical Coordinates: 41 00 N, 64 00 E World Region: Asia General Terrain: mostly flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes; broad, flat intensely irrigated river valleys along course of Amu Darya, Syr Darya (Sirdaryo), and Zarafshon; Fergana Valley in east surrounded by mountainous Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan; shrinking Aral Sea in west Geographical Low Point: Sariqarnish Kuli -12 m Geographical High Point: Adelunga Toghi 4,301 m Climate: mostly midlatitude desert, long, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid grassland in east The People of Uzbekistan Type of Government: republic; authoritarian presidential rule, with little power outside the executive branch Languages Spoken: Uzbek 74.3%, Russian 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1% Independence: 1 September 1991 (from Soviet Union) National Holiday: Independence Day, 1 September (1991) Nationality: Uzbekistani Religions: Muslim 88% (mostly Sunnis), Eastern Orthodox 9%, other 3% Economy of Uzbekistan Major Industries: textiles, food processing, machine building, metallurgy, gold petroleum, natural gas, chemicals Agricultural Products: cotton, vegetables, fruits, grain; livestock Natural Resources: natural gas, petroleum, coal, gold, uranium, silver, copper, lead and zinc, tungsten, molybdenum Major Exports: cotton 41.5%, gold 9.6%, energy products 9.6%, mineral fertilizers, ferrous metals, textiles, food products, automobiles (1998) Major Imports: machinery and equipment 49.8%, foodstuffs 16.4%, chemicals, metals (1998) Currency: Uzbekistani soum (UZS) National GDP: $48,240,000,000 Total Export Revenue: $5,000,000,000 Brief History of Uzbekistan: Russia conquered Uzbekistan in the late 19th century. Stiff resistance to the Red Army after World War I was eventually suppressed and a socialist republic set up in 1924. During the Soviet era, intensive production of white gold (cotton) and grain led to overuse of agrochemicals and the depletion of water supplies, which have left the land poisoned and the Aral Sea and certain rivers half dry. Independent since 1991, the country seeks to gradually lessen its dependence on agriculture while developing its mineral and petroleum reserves. Current concerns include terrorism by Islamic militants, economic stagnation, and the curtailment of human rights and democratization. Back to Geography Home Page

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