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Turkmenistan Capital: Ashgabat (Ashkhabad) Population: 5,042,920 The Geography of Turkmenistan Total Size: 488,100 square km Size Comparison: slightly larger than California Geographical Coordinates: 40 00 N, 60 00 E World Region: Asia General Terrain: flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes rising to mountains in the south; low mountains along border with Iran; borders Caspian Sea in west Geographical Low Point: Vpadina Akchanaya -81 m; note - Sarygamysh Koli is a lake in northern Turkmenistan with a water leve Geographical High Point: Gora Ayribaba 3,139 m Climate: subtropical desert The People of Turkmenistan Type of Government: republic; authoritarian presidential rule, with little power outside the executive branch Languages Spoken: Turkmen 72%, Russian 12%, Uzbek 9%, other 7% Independence: 27 October 1991 (from the Soviet Union) National Holiday: Independence Day, 27 October (1991) Nationality: Turkmen(s) Religions: Muslim 89%, Eastern Orthodox 9%, unknown 2% Economy of Turkmenistan Major Industries: natural gas, oil, petroleum products, textiles, food processing Agricultural Products: cotton, grain; livestock Natural Resources: petroleum, natural gas, sulfur, salt Major Exports: gas, crude oil, petrochemicals, cotton fiber, textiles Major Imports: machinery and equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs Currency: Turkmen manat (TMM) National GDP: $39,540,000,000 Total Export Revenue: $4,700,000,000 Brief History of Turkmenistan: Annexed by Russia between 1865 and 1885, Turkmenistan became a Soviet republic in 1924. It achieved its independence upon the dissolution of the USSR in 1991. President Saparmurat NIYAZOV retains absolute control over the country and opposition is not tolerated. Extensive hydrocarbon/natural gas reserves could prove a boon to this underdeveloped country if extraction and delivery projects were to be expanded. The Turkmenistan Government is actively seeking to develop alternative petroleum transportation routes in order to break Russia's pipeline monopoly. Back to Geography Home Page

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