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Sao Tome and Principe Capital: Sao Tome Population: 193,413 The Geography of Sao Tome and Principe Total Size: 1,001 square km Size Comparison: more than five times the size of Washington, DC Geographical Coordinates: 1 00 N, 7 00 E World Region: Africa General Terrain: volcanic, mountainous Geographical Low Point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m Geographical High Point: Pico de Sao Tome 2,024 m Climate: tropical; hot, humid; one rainy season (October to May) The People of Sao Tome and Principe Type of Government: republic Languages Spoken: Portuguese (official) Independence: 12 July 1975 (from Portugal) National Holiday: Independence Day, 12 July (1975) Nationality: Sao Tomean(s) Religions: Catholic 70.3%, Evangelical 3.4%, New Apostolic 2%, Adventist 1.8%, other 3.1%, none 19.4% (2001 census) Economy of Sao Tome and Principe Major Industries: light construction, textiles, soap, beer, fish processing, timber Agricultural Products: cocoa, coconuts, palm kernels, copra, cinnamon, pepper, coffee, bananas, papayas, beans; poultry; fish Natural Resources: fish, hydropower Major Exports: cocoa 80%, copra, coffee, palm oil Major Imports: machinery and electrical equipment, food products, petroleum products Currency: dobra (STD) National GDP: $214,000,000 Total Export Revenue: $8,000,000 Brief History of Sao Tome and Principe: Discovered and claimed by Portugal in the late 15th century, the islands' sugar-based economy gave way to coffee and cocoa in the 19th century - all grown with plantation slave labor, a form of which lingered into the 20th century. Although independence was achieved in 1975, democratic reforms were not instituted until the late 1980s. Though the first free elections were held in 1991, the political environment has been one of continued instability with frequent changes in leadership and coup attempts in 1995 and 2003. The recent discovery of oil in the Gulf of Guinea is likely to have a significant impact on the country's economy. Back to Geography Home Page

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