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Pakistan Capital: Islamabad Population: 165,803,560 The Geography of Pakistan Total Size: 803,940 square km Size Comparison: slightly less than twice the size of California Geographical Coordinates: 30 00 N, 70 00 E World Region: Asia General Terrain: flat Indus plain in east; mountains in north and northwest; Balochistan plateau in west Geographical Low Point: Indian Ocean 0 m Geographical High Point: K2 (Mt. Godwin-Austen) 8,611 m Climate: mostly hot, dry desert; temperate in northwest; arctic in north The People of Pakistan Type of Government: federal republic Languages Spoken: Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Siraiki (a Punjabi variant) 10%, Pashtu 8%, Urdu (official) 8%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%, English (official and lingua franca of Pakistani elite and most government ministries), Burushaski, and other 8% Independence: 14 August 1947 (from UK) National Holiday: Republic Day, 23 March (1956) Nationality: Pakistani(s) Religions: Muslim 97% (Sunni 77%, Shi'a 20%), Christian, Hindu, and other 3% Economy of Pakistan Major Industries: textiles and apparel, food processing, pharmaceuticals, construction materials, paper products, fertilizer, shrimp Agricultural Products: cotton, wheat, rice, sugarcane, fruits, vegetables; milk, beef, mutton, eggs Natural Resources: land, extensive natural gas reserves, limited petroleum, poor quality coal, iron ore, copper, salt, limestone Major Exports: textiles (garments, bed linen, cotton cloth, yarn), rice, leather goods, sports goods, chemicals, manufactures, carpets and rugs Major Imports: petroleum, petroleum products, machinery, plastics, transportation equipment, edible oils, paper and paperboard, iron and steel, tea Currency: Pakistani rupee (PKR) National GDP: $393,400,000,000 Total Export Revenue: $14,850,000,000 Brief History of Pakistan: The separation in 1947 of British India into the Muslim state of Pakistan (with two sections West and East) and largely Hindu India was never satisfactorily resolved, and India and Pakistan fought two wars - in 1947-48 and 1965 - over the disputed Kashmir territory. A third war between these countries in 1971 - in which India capitalized on Islamabad's marginalization of Bengalis in Pakistani politics - resulted in East Pakistan becoming the separate nation of Bangladesh. In response to Indian nuclear weapons testing, Pakistan conducted its own tests in 1998. The dispute over the state of Kashmir is ongoing, but discussions and confidence-building measures have led to decreased tensions since 2002. Back to Geography Home Page

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