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Nicaragua Capital: Managua Population: 5,570,129 The Geography of Nicaragua Total Size: 129,494 square km Size Comparison: slightly smaller than the state of New York Geographical Coordinates: 13 00 N, 85 00 W World Region: Central America and the Caribbean General Terrain: extensive Atlantic coastal plains rising to central interior mountains; narrow Pacific coastal plain interrupted by volcanoes Geographical Low Point: Pacific Ocean 0 m Geographical High Point: Mogoton 2,438 m Climate: tropical in lowlands, cooler in highlands The People of Nicaragua Type of Government: republic Languages Spoken: Spanish 97.5% (official), Miskito 1.7%, other 0.8% (1995 census) Independence: 15 September 1821 (from Spain) National Holiday: Independence Day, 15 September (1821) Nationality: Nicaraguan(s) Religions: Roman Catholic 72.9%, Evangelical 15.1%, Moravian 1.5%, Episcopal 0.1%, other 1.9%, none 8.5% (1995 census) Economy of Nicaragua Major Industries: food processing, chemicals, machinery and metal products, textiles, clothing, petroleum refining and distribution, beverages, footwear, wood Agricultural Products: coffee, bananas, sugarcane, cotton, rice, corn, tobacco, sesame, soya, beans; beef, veal, pork, poultry, dairy products; shrimp, lobsters Natural Resources: gold, silver, copper, tungsten, lead, zinc, timber, fish Major Exports: coffee, beef, shrimp and lobster, tobacco, sugar, gold, peanuts Major Imports: consumer goods, machinery and equipment, raw materials, petroleum products Currency: gold cordoba (NIO) National GDP: $16,090,000,000 Total Export Revenue: $1,550,000,000 Brief History of Nicaragua: The Pacific coast of Nicaragua was settled as a Spanish colony from Panama in the early 16th century. Independence from Spain was declared in 1821 and the country became an independent republic in 1838. Britain occupied the Caribbean Coast in the first half of the 19th century, but gradually ceded control of the region in subsequent decades. Violent opposition to governmental manipulation and corruption spread to all classes by 1978 and resulted in a short-lived civil war that brought the Marxist Sandinista guerrillas to power in 1979. Nicaraguan aid to leftist rebels in El Salvador caused the US to sponsor anti-Sandinista contra guerrillas through much of the 1980s. Free elections in 1990, 1996, and again in 2001, saw the Sandinistas defeated. The country has slowly rebuilt its economy during the 1990s, but was hard hit by Hurricane Mitch in 1998. Back to Geography Home Page

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