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New Caledonia

Country Flag

Capital: Noumea

Population: 219,246

Country Map


The Geography of New Caledonia

Total Size: 19,060 square km

Size Comparison: slightly smaller than New Jersey

Geographical Coordinates: 21 30 S, 165 30 E

World Region: Oceania

General Terrain: coastal plains with interior mountains

Geographical Low Point: Pacific Ocean 0 m

Geographical High Point: Mont Panie 1,628 m

Climate: tropical; modified by southeast trade winds; hot, humid

The People of New Caledonia

Type of Government: NA

Languages Spoken: French (official), 33 Melanesian-Polynesian dialects

Independence: none (overseas territory of France); note - a referendum on independence was held in 1998 but did not pass; a new referendum is scheduled for 2014

National Holiday: Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)

Nationality: New Caledonian(s)

Religions: Roman Catholic 60%, Protestant 30%, other 10%

Economy of New Caledonia

Major Industries: nickel mining and smelting

Agricultural Products: vegetables; beef, deer, other livestock products; fish

Natural Resources: nickel, chrome, iron, cobalt, manganese, silver, gold, lead, copper

Major Exports: ferronickels, nickel ore, fish

Major Imports: machinery and equipment, fuels, chemicals, foodstuffs

Currency: Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique franc (XPF)

National GDP: $3,158,000,000

Total Export Revenue: $999,000,000

Brief History of New Caledonia:

Settled by both Britain and France during the first half of the 19th century, the island was made a French possession in 1853. It served as a penal colony for four decades after 1864. Agitation for independence during the 1980s and early 1990s ended in the 1998 Noumea Accord, which over a period of 15 to 20 years will transfer an increasing amount of governing responsibility from France to New Caledonia. The agreement also commits France to conduct as many as three referenda between 2013 and 2018, to decide whether New Caledonia should assume full sovereignty and independence.


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