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Eritrea Capital: Asmara (Asmera) Population: 4,786,994 The Geography of Eritrea Total Size: 121,320 square km Size Comparison: slightly larger than Pennsylvania Geographical Coordinates: 15 00 N, 39 00 E World Region: Africa General Terrain: dominated by extension of Ethiopian north-south trending highlands, descending on the east to a coastal desert plain, on the northwest to hilly terrain and on the southwest to flat-to-rolling plains Geographical Low Point: near Kulul within the Denakil depression -75 m Geographical High Point: Soira 3,018 m Climate: hot, dry desert strip along Red Sea coast; cooler and wetter in the central highlands (up to 61 cm of rainfall annually, heaviest June to September); semiarid in western hills and lowlands The People of Eritrea Type of Government: transitional government Languages Spoken: Afar, Arabic, Tigre and Kunama, Tigrinya, other Cushitic languages Independence: 24 May 1993 (from Ethiopia) National Holiday: Independence Day, 24 May (1993) Nationality: Eritrean(s) Religions: Muslim, Coptic Christian, Roman Catholic, Protestant Economy of Eritrea Major Industries: food processing, beverages, clothing and textiles, salt, cement, commercial ship repair Agricultural Products: sorghum, lentils, vegetables, corn, cotton, tobacco, coffee, sisal; livestock, goats; fish Natural Resources: gold, potash, zinc, copper, salt, possibly oil and natural gas, fish Major Exports: livestock, sorghum, textiles, food, small manufactures (2000) Major Imports: machinery, petroleum products, food, manufactured goods (2000) Currency: nakfa (ERN) National GDP: $4,471,000,000 Total Export Revenue: $33,580,000 Brief History of Eritrea: Eritrea was awarded to Ethiopia in 1952 as part of a federation. Ethiopia's annexation of Eritrea as a province 10 years later sparked a 30-year struggle for independence that ended in 1991 with Eritrean rebels defeating governmental forces; independence was overwhelmingly approved in a 1993 referendum. A two-and-a-half-year border war with Ethiopia that erupted in 1998 ended under UN auspices in December 2000. Eritrea currently hosts a UN peacekeeping operation that is monitoring a 25 km-wide Temporary Security Zone on the border with Ethiopia. An international commission, organized to resolve the border dispute, posted its findings in 2002 but final demarcation is on hold due to Ethiopian objections. Back to Geography Home Page

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